What is defined as a spot or discoloration of the skin without elevation?

A macule is defined as a spot or discoloration of the skin that is flat and does not have any elevation. This characteristic distinguishes it from other skin lesions, as a macule is purely a change in color without any texture change or elevation. For instance, freckles and certain rashes can be categorized as macules.

In contrast, a patch refers to a larger area of discoloration or depigmentation and may cover more surface area than a macule. A plaque, on the other hand, is typically raised and can be seen in conditions like psoriasis, and is characterized by a larger, elevated surface area. A nodule denotes a solid lesion that is also elevated and encompasses a deeper tissue involvement, typically being larger than a macule or patch. Understanding these definitions helps in proper skin assessment and diagnosis in esthetic practice.