What can cause alopecia areata?

Alopecia areata is primarily caused by an autoimmune response, where the immune system mistakenly attacks hair follicles, leading to hair loss. This condition may result in patches of complete hair loss on the scalp or other areas where hair grows. The exact cause of this autoimmune reaction is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

While genetic factors can play a role in the susceptibility to alopecia areata, the condition itself is characterized by the immune system's activity rather than solely relying on hereditary elements. Other options, such as excessive hair coloring and poor nutrition, can contribute to hair damage or overall hair health but are not direct causes of alopecia areata. Understanding that alopecia areata is fundamentally linked to the body’s immune system helps in recognizing the nature of the condition and potential therapeutic approaches.