Cracks in the skin that penetrate the dermis layer, such as chapped hands or lips, are:

Fissures are defined as deep cracks or splits in the skin that extend through the epidermis and penetrate into the dermis. This is particularly relevant for conditions like chapped hands or lips, where the skin is not only dry but has developed cracks that can lead to discomfort and potential bleeding. Fissures can occur as a result of a variety of factors, including environmental conditions, skin hydration issues, or other underlying skin health problems.

In contrast, erosion refers to a loss of skin that results in a shallow defect, typically not penetrating as deeply as fissures, and it usually affects only the epidermis rather than the dermis. Scales are typically thin pieces of skin that peel off and are associated with conditions like psoriasis but do not involve deep cracks. Ulcers represent a deeper tissue loss associated with inflammation or infection, often showing more severe symptoms and characteristics than what is seen with fissures. Thus, for the description given, fissures accurately represent the condition of the skin described in the question.